Michael Faraday's World

Faraday's Inventions
Change the paraghaph to the PAST PERFECT TENSE.
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Faraday's greatest work __________ _________ (be) with electricity.

In 1821, soon after the Danish chemist, Hans Christian Orsted,

__________ ___________ (discover) the phenomenon of

magnetism, Humphrey Davy and William Hyde Wollaston __________

__________ (try) but ___________ __________ (fail) to design

an electric motor. Faraday, __________ __________ (discuss) the

problem with the two men, __________ __________ (go) on to build

two devices to produce what he __________ __________ (call)

electromagnetic rotation which is a continuous circular motion from the

circular magnetic force around a wire.

Ten years later, in 1831, he __________ __________ (begin) his

great series of experiments in which he _________ __________

(discover) electromagnetic induction. He ___________ _________

(find) that if he moved a magnet through a loop of wire, an electric

current flowed in the wire. The current also flowed if the loop was

moved over a stationary magnet. This ___________ __________(be)

the first transformer (inductor), although Faraday ___________

__________ (use) it only to demonstrate the principle of

electromagnetic induction and did not realize what it would eventually be used for.

His experiments __________ __________ (establish) that a changing

magnetic field __________ __________ (produce) an electric field.

This relation __________ __________ (be) mathematically modeled

by faraday's law, which afterwards __________ __________

(become) one of the four Maxwell equations. These in turn

__________ ___________ (evolve) into the generalization known as

field theory. Faraday then __________ __________ (use) this principle to

construct the first dynamo (in the form of a copper disk rotated

between the poles of a permanent magnet), the predecessor of

modern dynamos and generators.

In 1832, Michael Faraday ___________ __________ (report) that the

quantity of elements ___________ _____________ (be) __________

(separate) by passing an electrical current through a molten or

dissolved salt and ___________ ___________ (be) proportional to

the quantity of current passed through the circuit. This ___________

___________ (become) the basis of the first law of electro sis. He

___________also ____________ (popularize) terminology such as

anode, cathode, electrode, and ion.

In 1845 he also __________ ____________ (discover) the

phenomenon that he named Diamagnetism - a very weak form of

magnetism that __________ only ___________ (be) __________

(exhibit) in the presence of an external magnetic field. This

phenomenon can be used for levitation.

In his work on static electricity, Faraday __________ __________

(demonstrate) that the charge only __________ __________ (reside)

on the exterior of a charged conductor, and exterior charge had no

influence on anything enclosed within a conductor. This is because the

exterior charges __________ __________ (be) _____________

(redistribute) in such a way that the interior fields due to them __________ __________

(be) cancel. This shielding effect is used in what is now known as a Faraday cage.

Word Meanings From Context (6)

Use the context of the paragraphs to determine the meanings of the "bold" words.

We walked slowly down the trail with great trepidation. No one who had gone this way had ever been heard from again. Had they simply found a better place to settle on this dark planet? We doubted that.
1. Which word is a synonym of “trepidation”?

a. movement
b. worry
c. enjoyment
d. laughter

Only an hour or so had passed before a tremendous roar shook the ground. At that very moment, a strange grey creature materialized before our eyes. It resembled a lizard in shape. It was about ten feet high at the shoulders and at least fifty feet long.

2. What did the creature do?

a. It whipped its tail back and forth.
b. It stamped its feet.
c. It showed its sharp teeth.
d. It appeared.

Kathy was looking for a strong but light material to use for making her water jugs. Unfortunately, she chose noodelite. It proved to too porous to hold jelly.

3. A porous material _____.

a. is good for holding things that you pour
b. protects you in pouring rain
c. allows liquids to flow through it
d. is necessary for making bowling balls

We have rather lofty expectations for you, son. You will attend college. You will become rich and famous. You will be elected president of the United States before you turn forty.

4. Which word is a synonym of “lofty”?

a. high
b. shaky
c. small
d. lowly

Word Meanings From Context (5)

1. If you count all the votes in an area that heavily supports candidate A, and only some of the votes in an area that heavily supports candidate B, you’ll skew the results in favor of candidate A.
What does “skew” mean?

a. roast
b. ignore
c. slant
d. ask

2. The home team made sure that the officials were on their side. They won a close game and the championship with many questionable decisions from the officials. However, no one from any other town would accept the winners as legitimate champions.
What does “legitimate” mean?

a. real
b. talented
c. sneaky
d. good looking

3. Some people believe that lawyers are always working to see that justice is done. On the other hand, some believe that lawyers only want to manipulate the legal system to get what they want. Could both sides be right?
What does “manipulate” mean?

a. control in a dishonest way
b. give help
c. teach about or explain
d. disagree with

4. Both sides battled for years. They were very far apart and could find no way to make a lasting peace. When the fighting finally came to an end, everyone was exhausted and embittered.
What does “embittered” mean?

a. very angry, resentful
b. sour tasting
c. humorous
d. annoyed

Word Meanings From Context (4)

1. Both sides in the election contest are throwing accusations at each other. The Gore supporters claim that Governor Bush is trying to thwart the will of the people. The Bush supporters say that Mr. Gore is trying to create votes or assign choices to people who did not really cast votes for president.
What does “thwart” mean?

a. help
b. figure out
c. block
d. tickle

2. There is a legal battle raging and the judges are concerned that time is running out. Lawyers are being asked to expedite the matter by getting their paperwork in early.
What does “expedite” mean?

a. quicken
b. agree on
c. sue
d. discuss

3. The Florida legislature believes that it has the power to choose the winner of the election if the courts haven’t finished their work by December 12. Both houses are controlled by Republicans and they would surely resolve the matter in Bush’s favor.
What does “resolve” mean?

a. cancel
b. consider
c. debate
d. settle

4. The election could actually end up being decided in the U.S. Congress. Al Gore’s vice presidential running mate, Joe Lieberman, and perhaps Mr. Gore himself, would be able to vote on the matter. Some would argue that they should recuse themselves, but they would probably exercise their right to vote.
What does “recuse” mean?

a. step aside and not be involved
b. admit that you are wrong
c. leave the country
d. insist on being heard

Word Meanings From Context (3)

Use the context to help you choose the best meaning or synonym for each "BOLD" word.

1. Your plan looks good. I hope it will really work. It’s time to implement it and see if it’s as brilliant as you claim.

a. instrument
b. take apart
c. change
d. carry out

2. If your plan fails, we’ll have to find someone who can devise a better one.

a. design
b. dislike
c. appliance
d. to use peanut butter as toothpaste

3. Of course, I’m not saying that your plan is no good. I tend to be optimistic, so I won’t be surprised when you succeed.

a. expecting the best to happen
b. needing glasses to see
c. full of gas
d. unselfish

4. When your plan brings us great wealth, you will be rewarded for your sagacity.

a. good looks
b. mistakes
c. intelligence
d. huge appetite for herbs

5. No matter what happens, I assure you that I will not forget how hard you have worked on this project.

a. dare
b. promise
c. act like a donkey
d. forget

1__________2__________3__________4__________5__________

Word Meanings From Context (2)

Use the context to help you choose the best meaning or synonym for each "bold" word.

1. Mr. Huge was very proud of his auto superstore. “We have such an extensive selection of cars,” he said, “so everyone should find a vehicle that he or she will love!”
The word “extensive” means __________.

a. costing a lot of money
b. large amount
c. having no color
d. not enough

2. Friendship is a priceless thing. If Chris put a price, or conditions, on her friendship, it’s no longer priceless. In fact, it’s not real friendship at all!
If something is priceless, __________.

a. it has a missing tag
b. it has no value
c. it has great value
d. it is made out of rice

3. The news story was based on a letter that was a fabrication. Now the reporter who wrote the story is in big trouble. Will anyone believe him again?
A fabrication is __________.

a. made of cloth
b. full of long words
c. funny
d. fake

4. The reporter insisted that the letter he used was authentic. He said that he had shown it to many experts before he used it in his story.
When something is authentic, it’s __________.

a. genuine, or real
b. carefully written
c. full of tasty worms
d. very old

5. In 1975, Governor James promised to do something about the high taxes in our state. She didn’t present a tax cut bill to lawmakers until 1985. It took her a decade to keep her promise, but better late than never.
How long is a decade?

a. 75 years
b. 85 years
c. a century
d. 10 years

1__________2__________3__________4__________5__________

Word Meanings From Context (1)

Use the context to help you choose the best meaning or synonym for each "bold" word.

1. Fortunately, the dizzy spell was transient. He was able to continue playing within seconds and had no trouble winning the match.
When you describe an event as “transient,” you are saying that __________.

a. it sounds like a trainb.
b. it is quite harmfulc.
c. it helps you wind.
d. it doesn't last long

2. Brea and Elizabeth are having a dispute over which radio station to play at work. It would be so much simpler if they both liked the same kind of music.
A dispute is a __________.

a. musical instrument
b. choice of music
c. discovery
d. disagreement

3. When they heard the good news about the court’s decision, the angry crowd cheered and then began to disperse. “It looks like everyone is going home,” one reporter stated.
Which would be the opposite of “disperse”?

a. come together
b. smile
c. fly like a bird
d. sing

4. It’s a wonder to me how anyone can still be undecided about this election. These two candidates are certainly distinct. Each would lead our nation in opposite directions.
What does “distinct” mean?

a. needing a bath
b. dishonest
c. clearly different
d. about the same age

1___________2___________3___________4___________