Electric arc furnace. (EAF)

An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a furnace that heats charged material by means of an electric arc.
Arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one ton capacity (used in foundries for producing cast iron products) up to about 400 ton units used for secondary steelmaking.
Arc furnaces used in research laboratories and by dentists may have a capacity of only a few dozen grams. Temperatures inside an electric arc furnace can rise to 1,800 degrees Celsius.
A foundry is a factory which produces metal castings from either ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. Metals are turned into parts by melting the metal into a liquid, pouring the metal in a mold, and then removing the mold material or casting. The most common metal alloys produced are aluminum and cast iron. However, other metals, such as steel, magnesium, copper, tin, and zinc, can be processed.

History

The first electric arc furnaces were developed by Paul Héroult, of France, with a commercial plant established in the United States in 1907. Initially "electric steel" was a specialty product for such uses as machine tools and spring steel. Arc furnaces were also used to prepare calcium carbide for use in carbide lamps.
The Stessano electric furnace is an arc type furnace that usually rotates to mix the bath. The Girod furnace is similar to the Héroult furnace.

Construction

An electric arc furnace used for steelmaking consists of a refractory-lined vessel, usually water-cooled in larger sizes, covered with a retractable roof, and through which one or more graphite electrodes enter the furnace. The furnace is primarily split into three sections:
the shell, which consists of the sidewalls and lower steel 'bowl';
the hearth, which consists of the refractory that lines the lower bowl;
the roof, which may be refractory-lined or water-cooled, and can be shaped as a section of a sphere, or as a frustum (conical section). The roof also supports the refractory delta in its centre, through which one or more
graphite electrodes enter.

Answer the questions, based on the dialog above, and translate the answers.
Some answers will be found on the internet.

1. What does an electric arc furnace do? _____________________

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2. In what are ”Arc furnaces” used in?

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3. What is a foundary?

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4. How are metals turned into parts?

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5. What are the most common metal alloys produced?

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6. What other metals can be processed?

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7. Who developed the first electric arc furnaces?

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8. Where did he establish a commercial plant?

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9. How many sections is a “furnes” divided into?

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10. What does the roof support?

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