Read the paragraph. Write the topic, the main idea, and two details that support the main idea.The topic is one to two words that explain the subject being discussed.The main idea is one sentence that tells the big idea for the paragraph.Details are pieces of information that tell about the main idea.
1. Jon held the ball in his hands. He bounced it slowly on the ground. Once. Twice. He crouched low and then jumped. The ball flew into the air. Up, up, up, it went. Then down, down, down, into the basket. "Yes!" he yelled. "Nothing but net!"
topic (1-2 words):
main idea:____________________________________________
detail #1:_____________________________________________
detail #2:_____________________________________________
2. The frog sat on the side of the pond. He was very still. His green color made him hard to see. A bug flew near him. His tongue zipped out, and he gobbled it up. Then the frog was still again. He waited for the next bug.
topic (1-2 words):
main idea:____________________________________________
detail #1:_____________________________________________
detail #2:_____________________________________________
domingo, 23 de noviembre de 2008
Main Idea 3
Read the paragraph and the main idea for the paragraph. Underline the details that support the main idea. And Translate.
1. Main Idea: Frogs eat bugs.
The frog sat on the side of the pond. He was very still. His green color made him hard to see. A bug flew near him. His tongue zipped out, and he gobbled it up. Then the frog was still again. He waited for the next bug.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
2. Main Idea: A new school is being built.
They are building a new school. It is near my house. Every day, I watch the workers. They drive huge tractors. I watch them push a ton of dirt. They have a big crane. It helps them place tall beams. The workers build walls. They are using brick. Every day, it looks more like a school. Mom says I will go there in the fall!
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
3. Main Idea: Jon makes a basket.
Jon held the ball in his hands. He bounced it slowly on the ground. Once. Twice. He crouched low and then jumped. The ball flew into the air. Up, up, up, it went. Then down, down, down, into the basket. "Yes!" he yelled. "Nothing but net!"
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
1. Main Idea: Frogs eat bugs.
The frog sat on the side of the pond. He was very still. His green color made him hard to see. A bug flew near him. His tongue zipped out, and he gobbled it up. Then the frog was still again. He waited for the next bug.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
2. Main Idea: A new school is being built.
They are building a new school. It is near my house. Every day, I watch the workers. They drive huge tractors. I watch them push a ton of dirt. They have a big crane. It helps them place tall beams. The workers build walls. They are using brick. Every day, it looks more like a school. Mom says I will go there in the fall!
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
3. Main Idea: Jon makes a basket.
Jon held the ball in his hands. He bounced it slowly on the ground. Once. Twice. He crouched low and then jumped. The ball flew into the air. Up, up, up, it went. Then down, down, down, into the basket. "Yes!" he yelled. "Nothing but net!"
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Main Idea 2
Read the paragraph and then write the main idea of the paragraph.
1. The frog sat on the side of the pond. He was very still. His green color made him hard to see. A bug flew near him. His tongue zipped out, and he gobbled it up. Then the frog was still again. He waited for the next bug.The main idea in this passage is:
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2. My favorite dress is yellow. It has a white ribbon that ties in the middle. It has lace by the neck. It also has lace at the bottom. I wore it for my aunt's wedding. I was the flower girl. Mom said I looked as pretty as the bride!The main idea in this passage is:
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
3. Jon held the ball in his hands. He bounced it slowly on the ground. Once. Twice. He crouched low and then jumped. The ball flew into the air. Up, up, up, it went. Then down, down, down, into the basket. "Yes!" he yelled. "Nothing but net!"The main idea in this passage is:
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
1. The frog sat on the side of the pond. He was very still. His green color made him hard to see. A bug flew near him. His tongue zipped out, and he gobbled it up. Then the frog was still again. He waited for the next bug.The main idea in this passage is:
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2. My favorite dress is yellow. It has a white ribbon that ties in the middle. It has lace by the neck. It also has lace at the bottom. I wore it for my aunt's wedding. I was the flower girl. Mom said I looked as pretty as the bride!The main idea in this passage is:
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
3. Jon held the ball in his hands. He bounced it slowly on the ground. Once. Twice. He crouched low and then jumped. The ball flew into the air. Up, up, up, it went. Then down, down, down, into the basket. "Yes!" he yelled. "Nothing but net!"The main idea in this passage is:
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Main Idea 1
Read the paragraph and then select the main idea for the paragraph.
1. The frog sat on the side of the pond. He was very still. His green color made him hard to see. A bug flew near him. His tongue zipped out, and he gobbled it up. Then the frog was still again. He waited for the next bug.The main idea in this passage is:
a) Frogs are green.
b) Frogs eat bugs.
c) Frogs do not move.
d) Frogs live in ponds.
2. It was backward day at school. The students had to do things backward. Some of them wore their T-shirts backward. They took a test before they studied the lesson! Dessert was served first instead of last. They tried to walk home backward, but they bumped into each other and fell down.The main idea in this passage is:
a) Dessert is supposed to come last.
b) The students had a backward day.
c) It is hard to do things backward.
d) Students failed their tests.
3. Jon held the ball in his hands. He bounced it slowly on the ground. Once. Twice. He crouched low and then jumped. The ball flew into the air. Up, up, up, it went. Then down, down, down, into the basket. "Yes!" he yelled. "Nothing but net!"The main idea in this passage is:
a) How to throw a basketball.
b) Jon could jump.
c) Jon liked basketball.
d) Jon makes a basket.
1. The frog sat on the side of the pond. He was very still. His green color made him hard to see. A bug flew near him. His tongue zipped out, and he gobbled it up. Then the frog was still again. He waited for the next bug.The main idea in this passage is:
a) Frogs are green.
b) Frogs eat bugs.
c) Frogs do not move.
d) Frogs live in ponds.
2. It was backward day at school. The students had to do things backward. Some of them wore their T-shirts backward. They took a test before they studied the lesson! Dessert was served first instead of last. They tried to walk home backward, but they bumped into each other and fell down.The main idea in this passage is:
a) Dessert is supposed to come last.
b) The students had a backward day.
c) It is hard to do things backward.
d) Students failed their tests.
3. Jon held the ball in his hands. He bounced it slowly on the ground. Once. Twice. He crouched low and then jumped. The ball flew into the air. Up, up, up, it went. Then down, down, down, into the basket. "Yes!" he yelled. "Nothing but net!"The main idea in this passage is:
a) How to throw a basketball.
b) Jon could jump.
c) Jon liked basketball.
d) Jon makes a basket.
lunes, 10 de noviembre de 2008
Pocahontas exercise 1.
Answer the questions based on the Pocahonta’s Story.
1. What part of America did Pocahontas live in?
_________________________________________
2. Who returned from a long journey?
_________________________________________
3. What did Chief Powhatan want Pocahontas to do? _____________
________________________________________________
4. Who went to the glade with Pocahontas? _________and_________
5. Why did Pocahontas ask Grandmother Willow for: ______________
6. Who were among the men on board the ship from England?________
__________________________________________________
7. What were the two men looking for? ________________________
__________________________________________________
8. What was the name of the medicine man? ____________________
9. What did the visitors start to build? ________________________
10. Where did Pocahontas follow John Smith? ___________________
11. What did the settlers want to do? _________________________
12. What did Pocahontas and her people know? _________________
_________________________________________________
13. Where did the Chief send his warriors? _____________________
_________________________________________________
14. Who did the settlers shoot? _____________________________
15. What did both sides prepare for? ________________________________
16. Where did John Smith and Pocahontas meet? _________________________
17. Who shot and killed Kocoum? ______________________________________
18. Who was blamed for Kocoum’s death? _______________________________
19. When the settlers gathered, what were they ready for? __________________
20. Who did Ratcliffe fire at? __________________________________________
Answer the five “W” questions.
a) Who is the story about? ___________________________________
b) Where did it happen? _____________________________________
c) What happened? ________________________________________
d) Why did it happen? ______________________________________
e) When did it happen? _____________________________________
1. What part of America did Pocahontas live in?
_________________________________________
2. Who returned from a long journey?
_________________________________________
3. What did Chief Powhatan want Pocahontas to do? _____________
________________________________________________
4. Who went to the glade with Pocahontas? _________and_________
5. Why did Pocahontas ask Grandmother Willow for: ______________
6. Who were among the men on board the ship from England?________
__________________________________________________
7. What were the two men looking for? ________________________
__________________________________________________
8. What was the name of the medicine man? ____________________
9. What did the visitors start to build? ________________________
10. Where did Pocahontas follow John Smith? ___________________
11. What did the settlers want to do? _________________________
12. What did Pocahontas and her people know? _________________
_________________________________________________
13. Where did the Chief send his warriors? _____________________
_________________________________________________
14. Who did the settlers shoot? _____________________________
15. What did both sides prepare for? ________________________________
16. Where did John Smith and Pocahontas meet? _________________________
17. Who shot and killed Kocoum? ______________________________________
18. Who was blamed for Kocoum’s death? _______________________________
19. When the settlers gathered, what were they ready for? __________________
20. Who did Ratcliffe fire at? __________________________________________
Answer the five “W” questions.
a) Who is the story about? ___________________________________
b) Where did it happen? _____________________________________
c) What happened? ________________________________________
d) Why did it happen? ______________________________________
e) When did it happen? _____________________________________
domingo, 9 de noviembre de 2008
POCAHONTAS
1. Pocahontas lived in a village along the banks of a beautiful river in the part of America now known as Virginia.
He father, Chief Powhatan returned one day from a long journey.
2. Pocahontas felt confused. Was marrying Kocoum really the right path? She came to y glade with her friends Meeko and Flint, to ask for advice.
3. One day a ship from England sailed into our river. Among the men on board was the greedy governor Ratcliffe, who came in search of gold. John Smith came in search of adventure.
4. Soon everyone knew that strangers had arrived. Chief Powhatan asked his medicine man, Kekata, to tell him more about the visitors.
5. The visitors stayed and began building the settlement of Jamestown. John Smith
explored our green forests.
Pocahontas was curious about this handsome stranger and follower him to the waterfall.
6. Pocahontas and John Smith each saw the world differently. The settlers wanted to change the land. Pocahontas and her people knew it was important to share it with all living things.
7. Chief Powhatan sent his warriors to watch the settlers. What they saw upset them. Ratcliffe had ordered his men to dig up the land.
8. Ratcliffe panicked and the settlers shot at the warriors, hurting one of Kocoum’s friends. Chief Powhatan thought that the settlers wanted to fight. Both sides prepared for war.
9. Pocahontas and John Smith found each other in my glade. They did not know they had been followed.
10. Thinking Kocoum was going to hurt John Smith, Thomas shot Kocoum. Chief Powhatan’s warriors blamed Smith for Kocoum’s death and captured Smith. Thomas ran for help.
11. Pocahontas ran to stop her father from hurting John Smith. Ratcliffe and the settlers had already gathered, ready to go to war.
12. Chief Powhatan’s words were understood by all the people gathered, except one. Ratcliffe fired his gun at Powhatan but John Smith stepped between them and was hit instead.
13. Ratcliffe was sent to England in chains. John Smith also had to return so his wounds could heal. Pocahontas and Chief Powhatan came, to say goodbye.
He father, Chief Powhatan returned one day from a long journey.
2. Pocahontas felt confused. Was marrying Kocoum really the right path? She came to y glade with her friends Meeko and Flint, to ask for advice.
3. One day a ship from England sailed into our river. Among the men on board was the greedy governor Ratcliffe, who came in search of gold. John Smith came in search of adventure.
4. Soon everyone knew that strangers had arrived. Chief Powhatan asked his medicine man, Kekata, to tell him more about the visitors.
5. The visitors stayed and began building the settlement of Jamestown. John Smith
explored our green forests.
Pocahontas was curious about this handsome stranger and follower him to the waterfall.
6. Pocahontas and John Smith each saw the world differently. The settlers wanted to change the land. Pocahontas and her people knew it was important to share it with all living things.
7. Chief Powhatan sent his warriors to watch the settlers. What they saw upset them. Ratcliffe had ordered his men to dig up the land.
8. Ratcliffe panicked and the settlers shot at the warriors, hurting one of Kocoum’s friends. Chief Powhatan thought that the settlers wanted to fight. Both sides prepared for war.
9. Pocahontas and John Smith found each other in my glade. They did not know they had been followed.
10. Thinking Kocoum was going to hurt John Smith, Thomas shot Kocoum. Chief Powhatan’s warriors blamed Smith for Kocoum’s death and captured Smith. Thomas ran for help.
11. Pocahontas ran to stop her father from hurting John Smith. Ratcliffe and the settlers had already gathered, ready to go to war.
12. Chief Powhatan’s words were understood by all the people gathered, except one. Ratcliffe fired his gun at Powhatan but John Smith stepped between them and was hit instead.
13. Ratcliffe was sent to England in chains. John Smith also had to return so his wounds could heal. Pocahontas and Chief Powhatan came, to say goodbye.
domingo, 5 de octubre de 2008
Meat Vocabulary ( 5 )
1. beef = carne de res2. brains = sesos
3. steak = bistec
4. ham = jamón
5. heart = corazón
6. kidneys = riñones
7. lamb = cordero
8. liver = hígado
9. meatballs = albóndigas
10. meat loaf = rollo de carne prensada
11. mutton = carnero
12. oxtail = colas de buey
13. pork = cerdo
14. pot roast = estofado de buey
15. prime rib roast = chuleta asada de primera calidad
16. sausage = salchicha
17. steak = filete
18. stew = estofado
19. tongue = lengua
20. tripe = tripa
21. veal = ternera
22. ribs = costillas de cerdo.
Translate the questions.
1. What kind of meat do you have?
_________________________________________________
2. I would like some veal please.
_________________________________________________
3. I want an order of barbecued spare ribs?
_________________________________________________
4. I would like a plate of Virginia baked ham.
_________________________________________________
5. I will have a hot roast-beef sandwich.
_________________________________________________
6. And will eat a T-bone steak, and a baked potatoes.
_________________________________________________
7. In Latin America tripe is considered a delicacy.
_________________________________________________
8. I will have a plate of tongue.
_________________________________________________
On Eating Out. ( 4 )
Use the following words to complete the sentences below.
(bill / check, hungry, bottle, menu, dessert,
non-smoker, drinks, order, fish and chips,
restaurant, table, straw)
1. Guest: A ____________ for two, please.
2. Waiter: Smoker or ________________ ?
3. Guest: Non-smoker, please.
4. Waiter: Here you go. Would you like to see the ________________?
5. Guest: Yes, please. We are very ____________________________ .
6. The guests look at the menu.
7. Waiter: Are you ready to _________________________________?
8. Guest: We'd like __________________________________, please.
9. Waiter: Would you like any _______________________________?
10. Guest: An orange juice, a coke and a ______________ of red wine.
11. The guests have finished their meals.
_____________________________________________________
12. Waiter: Would you like some ______________________________?
13. Guest: No, thank you. Could we have the ______________, please?
(bill / check, hungry, bottle, menu, dessert,
non-smoker, drinks, order, fish and chips,
restaurant, table, straw)
1. Guest: A ____________ for two, please.
2. Waiter: Smoker or ________________ ?
3. Guest: Non-smoker, please.
4. Waiter: Here you go. Would you like to see the ________________?
5. Guest: Yes, please. We are very ____________________________ .
6. The guests look at the menu.
7. Waiter: Are you ready to _________________________________?
8. Guest: We'd like __________________________________, please.
9. Waiter: Would you like any _______________________________?
10. Guest: An orange juice, a coke and a ______________ of red wine.
11. The guests have finished their meals.
_____________________________________________________
12. Waiter: Would you like some ______________________________?
13. Guest: No, thank you. Could we have the ______________, please?
Restaurant / Kitchen verbs ( 3 )
Restaurant "Baglioni" Italy.1. eat = comer
2. drink = beber
3. serve = servir
4. cook = cocinar (cook = cocinero)
5. bake = hornear
6. order = ordenar
7. clear = recoger / limpiar
8. pay = pagar
9. set (the table) = colocar / poner la meza
10. give = dar
11. take = tomar
12. spread = untar
13. hold = sostener / aguantar
14. light = encender / prender
15. burn = quemar
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. stir = menear / revolver
2. grate = gratinar / rayar
3. open = abrir
4. pour = echar /vaciar /servir (generalmente líquidos)
5. peel = pelar / mondar
6. carve = cortar / tajar
7. break = romper
8. beat = batir
9. cut = cortar
10. slice = rebanar
11. chop = picar
12. steam = cocinar a vapor
13. broil = asar
14. fry = freír
15. boil = hervir.
Translate the sentences.
1. Please pour me a cup of coffee.
_________________________________________________
2. Can you peel the orange?
_________________________________________________
3. Could you grate the cheese.
_________________________________________________
4. Can I beat the eggs?
_________________________________________________
5. I can spread the butter on the toast.
_________________________________________________
6. Did you stir your coffee?
_________________________________________________
7. It's time to light the candles.
_________________________________________________
8. Who will carve the Turkey.
_________________________________________________
9. I will slice the tomatoes.
_________________________________________________
10. Watch the cake or it will burn.
_________________________________________________
11. I'm going to broil the meat.
_________________________________________________
12. And I will chop the onions.
_________________________________________________
Fish and shellfish vocabulary ( 2 )
1. abalone = abulon2. bass = perca
3. carp = carpa
4. caviar = caviar
5. clams = almejas
6. cod = bacalao
7. crab = cangrejo
8. eel = anguilas
9. lobster = langosta
10. oysters = ostiones
11. salmon = salmón
12. sardines = sardinas
13. scallops = veneras
14. shrimp = camarón
15. swordfish = pez espada
16. sole = lenguado
17. trout = trucha
18. tuna = atún
19. herring = arenque
20. cockle = mejillon
Translate the following questions.
1. What kind of seafood do you like?
_________________________________________________
2. I would like a clam chowder.
_________________________________________________
3. I'd like some fish. What do you have?
_________________________________________________
4. Do you serve 'lobster'?
_________________________________________________
5. I want a shrimp and abalone cock-tail.
_________________________________________________
6. Do you have smoked sardines?
_________________________________________________
7. I feel like having a cream of clam soup.
_________________________________________________
8. What kind of shellfish do you have?
_________________________________________________
9. Do you have fish croquettes?
_________________________________________________
10. Do you have any fish consommé?
_________________________________________________
Fruit Cocktails. ( 3 )
When, where and how to use FRUIT COCKTAILS. TRANSLATE THE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS.Cocktails made of a combination of fruits are often served as the first course of a meal, usually a luncheon or a dinner, to precede the soup course.
In warm weather, they are an excellent substitute for heavy cocktails made of lobster or crab, and they may even be used to replace the soup course.
The fruits used for this purpose should be the more acid ones, for the acids and flavors are intended to serve as an appetizer, or the same purpose for which the hot and highly seasoned soups are taken. Fruit cocktails should always be served ice cold.
As strawberries and pineapples can be obtained fresh at the same time during the summer, they are often used together in a cocktail. When sweetened slightly with powdered sugar and allowed to become ice cold, these fruits make a delicious combination.
1. When are cocktails made of fruit often served?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. In warm weather, what are they an excellent substitute for?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. Why fruit cocktails are made of the more acid fruits?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. How should a cocktail be served?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. What kind of fruits are often used together?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. How should they be served?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
viernes, 3 de octubre de 2008
Araiza Inn Mexicali.
Translate the sentences to English.Son diversos los servicios que Araiza Mexicali ofrece para que sus clientes disfruten de unas vacaciones completas. Usted podrá ejercitarse en el gimnasio, disfrutar de nuestra cancha de tenis, albercas y jacuzzi, complacerse con una apetitosa comida mexicana o disfrutar de una buena charla mientras saborea un rico café en el snack; si tiene planeado un evento de negocios cuente con nuestras instalaciones para eventos con los diferentes servicios complementarios como internet y equipo de apoyo.
Su estancia en Araiza Mexicali estamos seguros que será verdaderamente complaciente.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Hotel Lucerna Mexicali.
Translate the sentences to English.
Lucerna Mexicali está conformado por una torre de 6 pisos, un edificio familiar de 3 pisos y el área de bungalows alrededor de la alberca enmarcando su arquitectura colonial por abundantes jardines y largas palmeras.
En Lucerna Mexicali descubrirá una nueva forma de disfrutar sus vacaciones, ya que cuenta con lindas y completas instalaciones además de ser un hotel de gran renombre por su tradición y el extraordinario servicio que brinda a todos sus huéspedes.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Las habitaciones en hotel Lucerna Mexicali, en total 176, invitan a disfrutar de una estancia llena de armonía y calidez. Los muebles, tonos y decoración de las habitaciones crean una atmósfera de serenidad que en conjunto con la comodidad, propician un estupendo descanso a nuestros huéspedes.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Hotel Vocabulary Quiz 1
WRITE THE CORRECT LETTER TO FINISH THE SENTENCES.
1. If you've never been to this city, you should take a look at our _____.
a) menu
b) brochures
c) front desk
d) inn.
2. We do not have a _____ You'll have to park your car yourself.
a) room
b) dinner
c) laundry
d) valet service.
3. The room has a pull _____ so it will sleep an extra person.
a) off
b) over
c) out
d) on couch,
4. We don't have any vacancies. We are completely _____.
a) vacant
b) booked
c) complimentary
d) closed.
5. After your long conference you can relax in the _____.
a) kitchenette
b) parking lot
c) hot tub
d) front desk.
6. I'll call housekeeping and ask them to bring you some fresh _____.
a) milk
b) dinner
c) linen
d) ice.
7. If you need to do your workout we have a _____.
a) weight room
b) restaurant
c) library
d) telephone on the third floor.
8. I'll let you voice your complaint about the rate to the _____.
a) housekeeper
b) valet driver
c) hotel manager
d) chef.
9. Please put your used _____in the basket and leave unused ones hanging on the rack.
a) dishes
b) towels
c) menus
d) keys
10. If you need a midnight snack there's a _____ full of potato chips on your floor.
a) bellboy
b) kitchenette
c) cot
d) vending machine
1. If you've never been to this city, you should take a look at our _____.
a) menu
b) brochures
c) front desk
d) inn.
2. We do not have a _____ You'll have to park your car yourself.
a) room
b) dinner
c) laundry
d) valet service.
3. The room has a pull _____ so it will sleep an extra person.
a) off
b) over
c) out
d) on couch,
4. We don't have any vacancies. We are completely _____.
a) vacant
b) booked
c) complimentary
d) closed.
5. After your long conference you can relax in the _____.
a) kitchenette
b) parking lot
c) hot tub
d) front desk.
6. I'll call housekeeping and ask them to bring you some fresh _____.
a) milk
b) dinner
c) linen
d) ice.
7. If you need to do your workout we have a _____.
a) weight room
b) restaurant
c) library
d) telephone on the third floor.
8. I'll let you voice your complaint about the rate to the _____.
a) housekeeper
b) valet driver
c) hotel manager
d) chef.
9. Please put your used _____in the basket and leave unused ones hanging on the rack.
a) dishes
b) towels
c) menus
d) keys
10. If you need a midnight snack there's a _____ full of potato chips on your floor.
a) bellboy
b) kitchenette
c) cot
d) vending machine
Reading Comprehension ( II )
Read the conversation and then underline the correct answer.
Receptionist: Thanks for calling Holiday Inn. Morine speaking.
Caller: Hello. I'm interested in booking a room for the September's long weekend.
Receptionist: I'm afraid we're totally booked for that weekend. There's a convention in town and we're the closest hotel to the convention centre.
Caller: Oh, I didn't realize. Well what about the weekend after that?
Receptionist: So... Friday the seventeenth?
Caller: Yes. Friday and Saturday.
Receptionist: It looks like we have a few vacancies left. We recommend that you make a reservation, though. It's still considered peak season then.
Caller: Okay. Do you have any rooms with two double beds? We're a family of four.
Receptionist: Yes, all of our rooms have two double beds. The rate for that weekend is $129 dollars a night.
Caller: That's reasonable. And do you have cots? One of my daughters might be bringing a friend.
Receptionist: We do, but we also charge an extra ten dollars per person for any family with over four people. The cot is free.
Caller: Okay, but I'm not positive if she is coming. Can we pay when we arrive?
Receptionist: Yes, but we do require a fifty dollar credit card deposit to hold the room. You can cancel up to five days in advance and we will refund your deposit.
Caller: Great, I'll call you right back. I have to find my husband's credit card.
Receptionist: Okay. Oh, and just to let you know...our outdoor pool will be closed, but our indoor pool is open.
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING, UNDERLINE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1. Why did the caller phone this hotel?.
a) To change a reservation.
b) To report a cancellation.
c) To inquire about available rooms and rates.
d) To inquire about local amenities.
2. Why can't the caller stay at the hotel on the September long weekend?
a) The hotel is closed for the season.
b) The hotel is booked.
c) The hotel is holding a convention.
d) The hotel only has single rooms available.
3. Why does the caller have to hang up and call back?
a) She wants to research other hotels.
b) She needs to discuss things with her husband.
c) She has to find out if there will be four or five people staying.
d) She needs to find the credit card to pay for the deposit.
Receptionist: Thanks for calling Holiday Inn. Morine speaking.
Caller: Hello. I'm interested in booking a room for the September's long weekend.
Receptionist: I'm afraid we're totally booked for that weekend. There's a convention in town and we're the closest hotel to the convention centre.
Caller: Oh, I didn't realize. Well what about the weekend after that?
Receptionist: So... Friday the seventeenth?
Caller: Yes. Friday and Saturday.
Receptionist: It looks like we have a few vacancies left. We recommend that you make a reservation, though. It's still considered peak season then.
Caller: Okay. Do you have any rooms with two double beds? We're a family of four.
Receptionist: Yes, all of our rooms have two double beds. The rate for that weekend is $129 dollars a night.
Caller: That's reasonable. And do you have cots? One of my daughters might be bringing a friend.
Receptionist: We do, but we also charge an extra ten dollars per person for any family with over four people. The cot is free.
Caller: Okay, but I'm not positive if she is coming. Can we pay when we arrive?
Receptionist: Yes, but we do require a fifty dollar credit card deposit to hold the room. You can cancel up to five days in advance and we will refund your deposit.
Caller: Great, I'll call you right back. I have to find my husband's credit card.
Receptionist: Okay. Oh, and just to let you know...our outdoor pool will be closed, but our indoor pool is open.
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING, UNDERLINE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1. Why did the caller phone this hotel?.
a) To change a reservation.
b) To report a cancellation.
c) To inquire about available rooms and rates.
d) To inquire about local amenities.
2. Why can't the caller stay at the hotel on the September long weekend?
a) The hotel is closed for the season.
b) The hotel is booked.
c) The hotel is holding a convention.
d) The hotel only has single rooms available.
3. Why does the caller have to hang up and call back?
a) She wants to research other hotels.
b) She needs to discuss things with her husband.
c) She has to find out if there will be four or five people staying.
d) She needs to find the credit card to pay for the deposit.
Reading Comprehension: ( I )
Read the conversation and then answer the questions.Receptionist: Hi there. Are you checking out now?
Guest: Yes, sorry. I know we're a few minutes late.
Receptionist: That's no problem. It's always really busy at check out time anyway.
Guest: Oh, really. The last hotel we stayed in charged us for a late check out.
Receptionist: The hotel isn't booked this week, so it's not a problem. How was everything?
Guest: The room was great. The beds were really comfortable, and we weren't expecting our own fridge.
Receptionist: I'm glad you liked it.
Guest: The kids were disappointed that the pool wasn't open this morning, though.
Receptionist: I apologize for that. We can't get a cleaner in any earlier than 10 am.
Guest: Well we had a nice swim last night anyhow.
Receptionist: Will you be putting this on your credit card?
Guest: No. I'll pay cash.
Receptionist: OK. So the total comes to $123.67, including tax.
Guest: I thought it was $115 even. That's what they said yesterday when we checked in.
Receptionist: Yes, but there is an extra room charge on your bill.
Guest: Oh, I forgot. My husband ordered a plate of nachos. Sorry.
Receptionist: No problem. So... from $140, here's your change. Now, I'll just need to ask you for your room keys.
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING, of the “conversation” underline the correct answer.
1. Why does the guest apologize when she arrives at the front desk?
a) She forgot to pay.
b) She is late checking out.
c) Her kids used the pool when it was closed.
d) Her credit card isn't working.
2. Which of the following did the woman's family NOT like about the hotel?
a) The pool hours
b) The room
c) The beds
d) The rate
3. What was the woman charged for besides the room rate?
a) telephone use
b) room service
c) pool towels
d) a late fee
miércoles, 1 de octubre de 2008
On Accomodations.
FILL IN WITH THE CORRECT WORDS, and translate.(advance , bunk beds, dormitory, double room,
family room, key, reception, single room
twin room, vacancies)
1. If you book a room for one person, you usually book a _____________.
__________________________________________
2. If you want a room with a double bed, you book a ________________.
_____________________________________________________
3. If you want a room with two separated beds, you book a ___________.
_____________________________________________________
4. For families there are usually special offers if they take a ___________.
_____________________________________________________
5. In youth hostels rooms are often shared by 10 or more people.
This kind of room is called __________________________________.
_____________________________________________________
6. To get 10 people into one room, two beds are usually placed on top of each other.
They are called __________________________________________.
_____________________________________________________
7. No matter where you're staying, you usually have to fill in a form at the
_____________________________________________________.
8. Then the receptionist tells you your room number and gives you the____
for your room. During high season it's advisable to book a room in _______.
______________________________________________________
9. If a B&B is fully booked, they usually have a sign in the window saying
»No _____________________«.
______________________________________________________
On Booking a Room (part II)
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT WORD.(tomorrow, name, spell, book, stay, when, floor, like, night, much, reservation)
a) Hotel Beach House, can I __________ you?
b) I'm phoning to __________________________________ a room.
a) _______ would you like to arrive?
b) Tomorrow.
a) How many nights are you going to ________________________ ?
b) Two nights.
a) What kind of room would you ____________________________ ?
b) A double room with a shower.
a) Just a moment, I'll check. ... We have a nice room on the second
____________________________________________________.
b) How ___________ is it?
a) It's $25 per person and ____________________, breakfast included.
b) That's a good price. I'd like to make a _______ for that room, please.
a) Very well. May I have your __________________________, please?
b) Conners.
a) Could you ____________________________________ that, please?
b) It's C-O-N-N-E-R-S.
a) Thank you for your reservation. See you ______________________.
On Booking a Room (with questions)
The following text is from an online travel agency. Read the text carefully and answer our questions on the text.
The hotel has 8 Standard, 6 Deluxe, 4 Family rooms and 9 Cottages. Rooms have hot and cold shower and private balcony. Room service and laundry are available.
All rooms except Cottages offer air conditioning. Each room has two single beds. Family rooms have 4 single beds.
All rooms (except for Cottages) have televisions. If you wish to make a reservation or request more information simply complete the form.
Our travel staff will typically respond to any request in 1 working day. A confirmation of your booking will be sent to you via e-mail (and fax if required).
If for any reason you need to cancel your booking we would ask you to do so as early as possible by e-mailing our travel staff.
UNDERLINE THE QUESTIONS ON THE TEXT.
1) Showers
There are no showers in the Cottages.
There is a shower in every room.
Only the Cottages have showers.
2) Air Conditioning.
There's no air conditioning available in the Cottages.
Air conditioning is available in every room.
Air conditioning is only available in the Cottages.
3) Except for the Family rooms, all rooms are ...
double rooms.
twin-bedded rooms.
single rooms.
4) To book a room you must ...
respond in one working day.
send a fax.
fill in a form.
fill in a form.
5) Everyone who makes a reservation will receive a confirmation via ...
fax.
e-mail.
air-mail.
Hotel speech and sentences V
31. pillow case = the covering that goes over a pillow.
Room 201 doesn't need their sheets changed, but they requested one new pillow case.
______________________________________________
__________________________________________
32. queen size bed = bed with plenty of space for two people (bigger than a double)
They have a queen size bed so the small child can easily fit in the middle.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
33. rate = cost of renting a room for a certain time period.
Our rates change depending on the season. What's the going rate?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
34. reservation = a request to save a specific room for a future date.
They say they made a reservation but it doesn't show on the computer.
____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
35. room service = delivery of food or other services requested by guests.
If you would like a bottle of wine, just call room service.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
36. sauna = a hot room for relaxation, filled with steam.
We don't recommend bringing young children into the sauna.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
37. single bed = a bed for one person.
The economy priced room includes one single bed.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Hotel speech and sentences I V
23. ice machine = a machine that automatically makes ice that guests can use to keep drinks cold.There is an ice machine by the elevator on all of the even numbered floors.
______________________________________
______________________________________
24. indoor pool = place for guests to swim inside the hotel.
The heated indoors pool is open until 10 pm.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
25. inn = another word for "hotel"
There's an inn on the other side of town that has a vacancy.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
26. Jacuzzi / hot tub / whirl pool = a small hot pool for relaxation.
Our honeymoon room has a personal hot tub.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
27. king-size bed = extra large bed.
A room with a king size bed costs an extra ten dollars a night.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
28. kitchenette = a small fridge and cooking area.
Your room has a kitchenette so you can prepare your own breakfastsand lunches.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
29. late charge = a fee for staying past the check-out time.
You will be charged a ten dollar late charge for checking out after 11 a.m.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
30. linen = sheets, blankets, pillow cases.
We will come in and change the linens while you are out of your room.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
lunes, 29 de septiembre de 2008
Hotel speech and sentences ( III )
15. deposit = amount paid ahead of time to secure a reservation.You will not receive your deposit back if you cancel.
___________________________________
___________________________________
16. double bed = a bed large enough for two people.
They are a family of four, so give them a room with two double beds.
16. double bed = a bed large enough for two people.
They are a family of four, so give them a room with two double beds.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
17. floor = a level of the building.
The swimming pool is on the main floor.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
18. front desk / reception = the place where guests go to check in and out and to get information.
Towels are available at the front desk.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
19. guest = a person that is staying at the hotel.
Our washrooms are for guests only.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
20. hostel = a very inexpensive place for backpackers and travelers on a budget.
In the hostel you probably won't get your own room.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
21. hotel manager = person in charge at the hotel.
I'll let you make your complaint to the hotel manager.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
22. housekeeping, / maid = staff members that clean the rooms and linen.
Put a sign on the door if you want housekeeping to come in and changethe sheets on the bed.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
17. floor = a level of the building.
The swimming pool is on the main floor.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
18. front desk / reception = the place where guests go to check in and out and to get information.
Towels are available at the front desk.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
19. guest = a person that is staying at the hotel.
Our washrooms are for guests only.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
20. hostel = a very inexpensive place for backpackers and travelers on a budget.
In the hostel you probably won't get your own room.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
21. hotel manager = person in charge at the hotel.
I'll let you make your complaint to the hotel manager.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
22. housekeeping, / maid = staff members that clean the rooms and linen.
Put a sign on the door if you want housekeeping to come in and changethe sheets on the bed.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Hotel speech and sentences ( II )
7. book (verb) = arrange to stay in a hotel.
I can book your family in for the weekend of the seventh.
____________________________________
____________________________________
8. booked (adj) = full, NO vacancies.
I'm afraid the hotel is booked tonight.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
I can book your family in for the weekend of the seventh.
____________________________________
____________________________________
8. booked (adj) = full, NO vacancies.
I'm afraid the hotel is booked tonight.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
9. brochures = small booklets that provide information on the local sites and attractions.
Feel free to take some brochures to your room to look at.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
10. check-in (verb) = go to the front desk to receive keys.
You can check-in anytime after four o'clock.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
11. check-out = return the keys and pay for the bill.
Please return your parking pass when you check-out.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
12. complimentary breakfast = free of charge.
All of our rooms have complimentary soap, shampoo, and coffee.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
13. cot, rollaway bed = a single bed on wheels that folds up.
If you need an extra bed, we have cots available.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
14. damage charge = money a guest pays for repairs to hotel property. (when caused by violent or careless acts)
We will have to add a damage charge for the hole you made in the wall.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Hotel speech and sentences ( I )
THIS VOCABULARY WILL HELP YOU, IN YOUR NEXT VISIT TO ANY HOTEL IN THE U.S. AND ABROAD YOU DO NOT HAVE TO STUDY TOURISM TO LEARN HOW TO GET AROUND IN A FOREING COUNTRY.Translate the sentences to Spanish.
1. adjoining rooms = two hotel rooms with a door in the center.
If you want we can book your parents in an adjoining room.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
2. amenities = local facilities such as stores and restaurants.
2. amenities = local facilities such as stores and restaurants.
We are located downtown, so we are close to all of the amenities.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
3. attractions = things for tourists to see and do.
3. attractions = things for tourists to see and do.
The zoo is our city's most popular attraction for kids.
____________________________________________
________________________________________
4. baggage = bags and suitcases packed with personal belongings.
If you need help with your baggage we have a cart you can use.
____________________________________________
________________________________________
5. Bed and Breakfast = a home that offers a place to stay and a place to eat.
I can book you into a beautiful Bed and Breakfast on the lake.
_____________________________________________
_________________________________________
6. bellboy = a staff member who helps guests with their luggage.
The bellboy will take your bags to your room for you.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
domingo, 21 de septiembre de 2008
Shielded metal arc welding. (SMAW)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shielded_metal_arc_weldingOne of the most common types of arc welding is shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), which is also known as manual metal arc welding (MMA) or stick welding.
Electric current is used to strike an arc between the base material and consumable electrode rod, which is made of steel and is covered with a flux that protects the weld area from oxidation and contamination by producing CO2 gas during the welding process. The electrode core itself acts as filler material, making a separate filler unnecessary.
Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), also known as metal inert gas or MIG welding, is a semi-automatic or automatic process that uses a continuous wire feed as an electrode and an inert or semi-inert gas mixture to protect the weld from contamination.
As with SMAW, reasonable operator proficiency can be achieved with modest training. Since the electrode is continuous, welding speeds are greater for GMAW than for SMAW. Also, the smaller arc size compared to the shielded metal arc welding process makes it easier to make out-of-position welds (e.g., overhead joints, as would be welded underneath a structure).
The equipment required to perform the GMAW process is more complex and expensive than that required for SMAW, and requires a more complex setup procedure. Therefore, GMAW is less portable and versatile, and due to the use of a separate shielding gas, is not particularly suitable for outdoor work. However, owing to the higher average rate at which welds can be completed, GMAW is well suited to production welding.
The process can be applied to a wide variety of metals, both ferrous and non-ferrous.
Shielded metal arc welding. (SMAW)
Answer the questions, based on the dialog, and translate the answers. Some answers will be found on the internet.
1. What is one of the most common types of arc welding?
______________________________________________
2. What are the initials? ________
1. What is one of the most common types of arc welding?
______________________________________________
2. What are the initials? ________
How is it also known? ________
and what does it stand for. ________________________________
3. What is used to strike an arc between the base material and an
and what does it stand for. ________________________________
3. What is used to strike an arc between the base material and an
electrode rod? __________________________________________
4. What is a “flux” and what does it do? ________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
5. How does the electrode core act? ___________________________
6. What does “GMAW” use continuously? _______________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
4. What is a “flux” and what does it do? ________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
5. How does the electrode core act? ___________________________
6. What does “GMAW” use continuously? _______________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
7. Which one of the two welding procedures can an operator achieved with less training?
_______________
8. Which welding process has a greater welding speed? ___________
10. Which welding process is not suitable for production welding?
_____________________________________________________
GAS WELDING AND CUTTING
Transporting, Moving, and Storing Compressed Gas Cylinders
a) Valve protection caps shall be in place and secured.
b) When cylinders are hoisted, they shall be secured on a cradle, sling board, or pallet. They shall not be hoisted or transported by means of magnets or choker slings.
c) Cylinders shall be moved by tilting and rolling them on their bottom edges. They shall not be intentionally dropped, struck, or permitted to strike each other violently.
d) When cylinders are transported by powered vehicles, they shall be secured in a vertical position.
e) Valve protection caps shall not be used for lifting cylinders from one vertical position to another. Bars shall not be used under valves or valve protection caps to pry cylinders loose when frozen. Warm, not boiling, water shall be used to thaw cylinders loose.
f) Unless cylinders are firmly secured on a special carrier intended for this purpose, regulators shall be removed and valve protection caps put in place before cylinders are moved.
g) A suitable cylinder truck, chain, or other steadying device shall be used to keep cylinders from being knocked over while in use.
h) When work is finished, when cylinders are empty, or when cylinders are moved at any time, the cylinder valve shall be closed.
i) Compressed gas cylinders shall be secured in an upright position at all times, if necessary, for short periods of time while cylinders are actually being hoisted or carried.
j) Oxygen cylinders in storage shall be separated from fuel-gas cylinders or combustible materials (especially oil or grease), a minimum distance of 20 feet (6.1 m) or by a noncombustible barrier at least 5 feet (1.5 m) high having a fire-resistance rating of at least one-half hour.
k) Inside of buildings, cylinders shall be stored in a well-protected, well-
ventilated, dry location, at least 20 feet (6.1 m) from highly combustible
materials such as oil or excelsior. cylinders should be stored in definitely
assigned places away from elevators, stairs, or gangways. Assigned storage
places shall be located where cylinders will not be knocked over or damaged
by passing or falling objects, or subject to tampering.
a) Valve protection caps shall be in place and secured.
b) When cylinders are hoisted, they shall be secured on a cradle, sling board, or pallet. They shall not be hoisted or transported by means of magnets or choker slings.
c) Cylinders shall be moved by tilting and rolling them on their bottom edges. They shall not be intentionally dropped, struck, or permitted to strike each other violently.
d) When cylinders are transported by powered vehicles, they shall be secured in a vertical position.
e) Valve protection caps shall not be used for lifting cylinders from one vertical position to another. Bars shall not be used under valves or valve protection caps to pry cylinders loose when frozen. Warm, not boiling, water shall be used to thaw cylinders loose.
f) Unless cylinders are firmly secured on a special carrier intended for this purpose, regulators shall be removed and valve protection caps put in place before cylinders are moved.
g) A suitable cylinder truck, chain, or other steadying device shall be used to keep cylinders from being knocked over while in use.
h) When work is finished, when cylinders are empty, or when cylinders are moved at any time, the cylinder valve shall be closed.
i) Compressed gas cylinders shall be secured in an upright position at all times, if necessary, for short periods of time while cylinders are actually being hoisted or carried.
j) Oxygen cylinders in storage shall be separated from fuel-gas cylinders or combustible materials (especially oil or grease), a minimum distance of 20 feet (6.1 m) or by a noncombustible barrier at least 5 feet (1.5 m) high having a fire-resistance rating of at least one-half hour.
k) Inside of buildings, cylinders shall be stored in a well-protected, well-
ventilated, dry location, at least 20 feet (6.1 m) from highly combustible
materials such as oil or excelsior. cylinders should be stored in definitely
assigned places away from elevators, stairs, or gangways. Assigned storage
places shall be located where cylinders will not be knocked over or damaged
by passing or falling objects, or subject to tampering.
GAS WELDING AND CUTTING
After reading “GAS WELDING AND CUTTING” look up the following words in the dictionary.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxy-fuel_welding_and_cutting
1) caps
2) cylinders
3) hoist
4) cradle
5) sling board
6) pallet
7) magnets
8) choker slings
9) tilting
10) rolling
11) strike
12) dropped
13) struck
14) lifting
15) Bars
16) pry
17) thaw
18) cylinder truck
19) chain
20) valve
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxy-fuel_welding_and_cutting
1) caps
2) cylinders
3) hoist
4) cradle
5) sling board
6) pallet
7) magnets
8) choker slings
9) tilting
10) rolling
11) strike
12) dropped
13) struck
14) lifting
15) Bars
16) pry
17) thaw
18) cylinder truck
19) chain
20) valve
What is Tungsten? Quiz
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TungstenAnswer the questions based on the dialog.
1. What does the word “TUNGSTEN” stand for?
___________________________________________
2. In what language is it written in?
_________________________________
3. What is Tungsten? ____________________________
4. Who are the world's major sources of this element? ____________________
________________________________________________________
5. Where is it extracted from?______________________________
6. This element is not found in a pure form in nature, what happens when it is isolated?
__________________________________________________________
7. On a “periodic table of elements ” how is the symbol identified? ___________
And what is it’s atomic number? __________
8. Since when have people known about the existance of Tungsten?
________________________________________________________
9. What does Tungsten interact with? ___________________________
10. What is one of the most famous uses of tungsten? ________________
11. Why did Ford name this car Tungsten? _________________________
What is Tungsten?
Tungsten is a metallic chemical element classified among the transition metals of the periodic table of elements. It is well known for its strength and durability, which make it extremely useful in a wide range of industrial applications. The world's major sources of this element are Russia, Austria, China, and Portugal, where it is extracted from minerals such as scheelite and wolframite.
This element is not found in a pure form in nature. When it is isolated, tungsten in a very hard, brittle, gray to white metal which is extremely corrosion resistant. It has the highest melting point and tensile strength of any metal, and it also has the lowest vapor pressure point. The metal is identified with the symbol W on the periodic table of elements, a reference to its alternate name, wolfram. Tungsten's atomic number is 74.
People have known about the existence of tungsten since at least the early 1700s, when observers noted that the metal interacted with tin. The name of the element comes from the Swedish tung, or “heavy,” and sten, for “stone.”
One of the most famous uses of tungsten is as a filament in light bulbs. The metal is also used in an assortment of alloys to increase their hardness and tensile strength.
Many structural metal alloys incorporate tungsten since the metal has an extremely high melting point, and the element is also used to make wear-resistant tools. While tungsten tools can be expensive, many workers like them because of their durability and long lifetimes.
This element is not found in a pure form in nature. When it is isolated, tungsten in a very hard, brittle, gray to white metal which is extremely corrosion resistant. It has the highest melting point and tensile strength of any metal, and it also has the lowest vapor pressure point. The metal is identified with the symbol W on the periodic table of elements, a reference to its alternate name, wolfram. Tungsten's atomic number is 74.
People have known about the existence of tungsten since at least the early 1700s, when observers noted that the metal interacted with tin. The name of the element comes from the Swedish tung, or “heavy,” and sten, for “stone.”
One of the most famous uses of tungsten is as a filament in light bulbs. The metal is also used in an assortment of alloys to increase their hardness and tensile strength.
Many structural metal alloys incorporate tungsten since the metal has an extremely high melting point, and the element is also used to make wear-resistant tools. While tungsten tools can be expensive, many workers like them because of their durability and long lifetimes.
What is TIG Welding?
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-tig-welding.htm
Change the paragraph to the Present or Past Perfect.
Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding __________ ______________ (is) the process
of blending together reactive metals such as magnesium and aluminum.
The TIG welding method __________ ______________(became) popular and useful in
the early 1940s and, as a result, has greatly propelled the use of aluminum for welding and structural processes.
Change the paragraph to the Present or Past Perfect.
Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding __________ ______________ (is) the process
of blending together reactive metals such as magnesium and aluminum.
The TIG welding method __________ ______________(became) popular and useful in
the early 1940s and, as a result, has greatly propelled the use of aluminum for welding and structural processes.
TIG welding _________ _____________ (is)commonly used for both high quality
and manual welding.
During the process of TIG welding, an arc __________ _______________ (is)
formed between a pointed tungsten electrode and the area to be welded. As a
result of the gas shield, a clean weld __________ _______________ (is) formed.
This prevents oxidization from occurring.
The type of gas shielding typically used for TIG welding __________
_______________ (is) argon, helium, or a combination of both. When combined,
these two gases can ensure a higher welding speed and welding penetration.
Argon __________ _______________ (is) the preference of most welders when
it comes to TIG welding. It __________ _______________ (is) often used simply
because it is heavier than air and provides better coverage when welding.
With TIG welding, one can perform a variety of weld types on several different
metals. Steel and aluminum, however, are the two most widely used metals.
The filler rod is another important aspect of TIG welding.
Usually made from the same material as the base metal, it __________
_______________ (is) used for reinforcing joints and welding heavy metals.
There __________ _______________ (are) several different types of joints
designed for use with TIG welding. These include the butt joint, lap joint, corner
joint and t-joint. The butt joint can be welded without the assistance of a filler rod.
With this type of joint, two pieces of metal __________ _______________ (are)
joined together along the seams.
With a lap joint, the top edge__________ _______________ (is) welded to the
bottom piece in an area between the two overlapping metals. A corner joint
involves welding one piece of metal at a right angle to the edge of a second piece
of metal in order to form a corner. To create a t-joint, a filler rod is necessary.
The t-joint __________ _______________ (is) created by placing one piece of
metal perpendicular to another piece of metal to form a T shape. This type of TIG
welding __________ _______________ (is) done along either side of the
perpendicular seam.
and manual welding.
During the process of TIG welding, an arc __________ _______________ (is)
formed between a pointed tungsten electrode and the area to be welded. As a
result of the gas shield, a clean weld __________ _______________ (is) formed.
This prevents oxidization from occurring.
The type of gas shielding typically used for TIG welding __________
_______________ (is) argon, helium, or a combination of both. When combined,
these two gases can ensure a higher welding speed and welding penetration.
Argon __________ _______________ (is) the preference of most welders when
it comes to TIG welding. It __________ _______________ (is) often used simply
because it is heavier than air and provides better coverage when welding.
With TIG welding, one can perform a variety of weld types on several different
metals. Steel and aluminum, however, are the two most widely used metals.
The filler rod is another important aspect of TIG welding.
Usually made from the same material as the base metal, it __________
_______________ (is) used for reinforcing joints and welding heavy metals.
There __________ _______________ (are) several different types of joints
designed for use with TIG welding. These include the butt joint, lap joint, corner
joint and t-joint. The butt joint can be welded without the assistance of a filler rod.
With this type of joint, two pieces of metal __________ _______________ (are)
joined together along the seams.
With a lap joint, the top edge__________ _______________ (is) welded to the
bottom piece in an area between the two overlapping metals. A corner joint
involves welding one piece of metal at a right angle to the edge of a second piece
of metal in order to form a corner. To create a t-joint, a filler rod is necessary.
The t-joint __________ _______________ (is) created by placing one piece of
metal perpendicular to another piece of metal to form a T shape. This type of TIG
welding __________ _______________ (is) done along either side of the
perpendicular seam.
Electric arc furnace. (EAF)
An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a furnace that heats charged material by means of an electric arc.
Arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one ton capacity (used in foundries for producing cast iron products) up to about 400 ton units used for secondary steelmaking.
Arc furnaces used in research laboratories and by dentists may have a capacity of only a few dozen grams. Temperatures inside an electric arc furnace can rise to 1,800 degrees Celsius.
A foundry is a factory which produces metal castings from either ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. Metals are turned into parts by melting the metal into a liquid, pouring the metal in a mold, and then removing the mold material or casting. The most common metal alloys produced are aluminum and cast iron. However, other metals, such as steel, magnesium, copper, tin, and zinc, can be processed.
History
The first electric arc furnaces were developed by Paul Héroult, of France, with a commercial plant established in the United States in 1907. Initially "electric steel" was a specialty product for such uses as machine tools and spring steel. Arc furnaces were also used to prepare calcium carbide for use in carbide lamps.
The Stessano electric furnace is an arc type furnace that usually rotates to mix the bath. The Girod furnace is similar to the Héroult furnace.
Arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one ton capacity (used in foundries for producing cast iron products) up to about 400 ton units used for secondary steelmaking.
Arc furnaces used in research laboratories and by dentists may have a capacity of only a few dozen grams. Temperatures inside an electric arc furnace can rise to 1,800 degrees Celsius.
A foundry is a factory which produces metal castings from either ferrous or non-ferrous alloys. Metals are turned into parts by melting the metal into a liquid, pouring the metal in a mold, and then removing the mold material or casting. The most common metal alloys produced are aluminum and cast iron. However, other metals, such as steel, magnesium, copper, tin, and zinc, can be processed.
History
The first electric arc furnaces were developed by Paul Héroult, of France, with a commercial plant established in the United States in 1907. Initially "electric steel" was a specialty product for such uses as machine tools and spring steel. Arc furnaces were also used to prepare calcium carbide for use in carbide lamps.
The Stessano electric furnace is an arc type furnace that usually rotates to mix the bath. The Girod furnace is similar to the Héroult furnace.
Construction
An electric arc furnace used for steelmaking consists of a refractory-lined vessel, usually water-cooled in larger sizes, covered with a retractable roof, and through which one or more graphite electrodes enter the furnace. The furnace is primarily split into three sections:
the shell, which consists of the sidewalls and lower steel 'bowl';
the hearth, which consists of the refractory that lines the lower bowl;
the roof, which may be refractory-lined or water-cooled, and can be shaped as a section of a sphere, or as a frustum (conical section). The roof also supports the refractory delta in its centre, through which one or more
graphite electrodes enter.
Answer the questions, based on the dialog above, and translate the answers.
Some answers will be found on the internet.
1. What does an electric arc furnace do? _____________________
________________________________________________
2. In what are ”Arc furnaces” used in?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
3. What is a foundary?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
4. How are metals turned into parts?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
5. What are the most common metal alloys produced?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
6. What other metals can be processed?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
7. Who developed the first electric arc furnaces?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
8. Where did he establish a commercial plant?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
9. How many sections is a “furnes” divided into?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
10. What does the roof support?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
An Electric arc.
An electric arc is an electrical breakdown of a gas which produces an ongoing plasma discharge, resulting from a current flowing through normally nonconductive media such as air. A synonym is arc discharge. The phenomenon was first described by Vasily V. Petrov, a Russian scientist who discovered it in 1802. An archaic term is voltaic arc as used in the phrase "voltaic arc lamp".
Uses: Industrially, electric arcs are used for welding, plasma cutting, for electrical discharge machining, as an arc lamp in movie theater projectors, and Followspots in stage lighting. Electric arc furnaces are used to produce steel and other substances. Calcium carbide is made in this way as it requires a large amount of energy to promote an endothermic reaction (at temperatures of 2500 °C).
Calcium carbide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of CaC2. The material is colorless, but most samples appear black through to grayish white lumps, depending on the grade. Its main use industrially is in the production of acetylene.
Low-pressure electric arcs are used for lighting, e.g., fluorescent tubes, mercury and sodium street lamps, and camera flash lamps. Electric arcs have been studied for electric propulsion of spacecraft.
Answer the questions, based on the dialog above, and translate the answers.
Some answers will be found on the internet.
1. What is an electric arc? _______________________________
________________________________________________
2. When was this phenomenon first described by? _____________
_______________________________________________
3. In what year was this phenomenon discovered? __________
______________________________________________
4. What are industrial electric “arcs” used for? ______________
_____________________________________________
5. What are Electric arc furnaces used for? ________________
_____________________________________________
6. What is Calcium carbide? __________________________
____________________________________________
7. What is it’s main use industrially? _____________________
_____________________________________________
8. What are low-presure electric arcs used for? _____________
_____________________________________________
9. What are electric arcs been studied for? ________________
____________________________________________
Uses: Industrially, electric arcs are used for welding, plasma cutting, for electrical discharge machining, as an arc lamp in movie theater projectors, and Followspots in stage lighting. Electric arc furnaces are used to produce steel and other substances. Calcium carbide is made in this way as it requires a large amount of energy to promote an endothermic reaction (at temperatures of 2500 °C).
Calcium carbide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of CaC2. The material is colorless, but most samples appear black through to grayish white lumps, depending on the grade. Its main use industrially is in the production of acetylene.
Low-pressure electric arcs are used for lighting, e.g., fluorescent tubes, mercury and sodium street lamps, and camera flash lamps. Electric arcs have been studied for electric propulsion of spacecraft.
Answer the questions, based on the dialog above, and translate the answers.
Some answers will be found on the internet.
1. What is an electric arc? _______________________________
________________________________________________
2. When was this phenomenon first described by? _____________
_______________________________________________
3. In what year was this phenomenon discovered? __________
______________________________________________
4. What are industrial electric “arcs” used for? ______________
_____________________________________________
5. What are Electric arc furnaces used for? ________________
_____________________________________________
6. What is Calcium carbide? __________________________
____________________________________________
7. What is it’s main use industrially? _____________________
_____________________________________________
8. What are low-presure electric arcs used for? _____________
_____________________________________________
9. What are electric arcs been studied for? ________________
____________________________________________
Welding
Welding is the process of joining metals by melting the parts and then using a filler to form a joint. Welding can be done using different energy sources, from a gas flame or electric arc to a laser or ultrasound.This is in contrast with soldering and brazing, which involve melting a lower-melting-point material between the workpieces to form a bond between them, without melting the workpieces.
Arc welding http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welding
Many different energy sources can be used for welding, including a gas flame, an electric arc, a laser, an electron beam, friction, and ultrasound.
While often an industrial process, welding can be done in many different environments, including open air, underwater and in space.
Regardless of location, however, welding remains dangerous, and precautions must be taken to avoid burns, electric shock, poisonous fumes, and overexposure to ultraviolet light.
Until the end of the 19th century, the only welding process was forge welding, which blacksmiths had used for centuries to join metals by heating and pounding them. Arc welding and oxyfuel welding were among the first processes to develop late in the century, and resistance welding followed soon after.
Welding technology advanced quickly during the early 20th century as World War I and World War II drove the demand for reliable and inexpensive joining methods. Following the wars, several modern welding techniques were developed, including manual methods like shielded metal arc welding, now one of the most popular welding methods, as well as semi-automatic and automatic processes such as gas metal arc welding, submerged arc welding, flux-cored arc welding and electroslag welding.
Developments continued with the invention of laser beam welding and electron beam welding in the latter half of the century. Today, the science continues to advance.
Robot welding is becoming more commonplace in industrial settings, and researchers continue to develop new welding methods and gain greater understanding of weld quality and properties.
Welding Quiz. II
Answer the questions, based on the dialog, and translate the answers.
Some answers will be found on the internet.
1. What is welding? ___________________________
_________________________________________
2. What kind of material are usually welded?
_______________________________________________
3. How is the term Coalescence used in “welding”? _________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4. Describe the proces of “soldering” . _________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5. Describe the proces of “brazing”. __________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
6. What is a Capillary action? _____________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Describe the proces of “Forge welding ”. _______________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
The first welders who used forge welding were caled?______
9. What does Arc welding use? ____________________
_________________________________________
10. What are “Shielding gases ”. ____________________
_________________________________________
11. How is shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), also known as?
________________________________________
12. And informaly how is it known? ______________
1. What is welding? ___________________________
_________________________________________
2. What kind of material are usually welded?
_______________________________________________
3. How is the term Coalescence used in “welding”? _________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4. Describe the proces of “soldering” . _________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5. Describe the proces of “brazing”. __________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
6. What is a Capillary action? _____________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Describe the proces of “Forge welding ”. _______________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
The first welders who used forge welding were caled?______
9. What does Arc welding use? ____________________
_________________________________________
10. What are “Shielding gases ”. ____________________
_________________________________________
11. How is shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), also known as?
________________________________________
12. And informaly how is it known? ______________
____________________________________________
Electricity Quiz. I
1) Name the device that helps to find out whether a given body is electrically charged or not.
a) Gold Leaf Electroscope
b) Tin Foil Electroscope
c) Insulated Stand
2) The central core of an atom is also referred to as the _______.
a) nucleus
b) neutron
c) orbit
3) What does the symbol _______ _______ represent?
a) capacitor
b) electros cope
c) resistor
4) Name the type of electricity produced by friction.
a) static electricity
b) frictional electricity
4) stagnant electricity
5) The charge on an electron is _______.
a) negative
b) neutral
c) positive
6) When an ebonite rod is rubbed with cat's skin, it gets ...
a) negatively-charged
b) remains neutral
c) positively-charged
7) Some electrons (in metals) move very easily from one atom to another and are called _______ electrons.
a) Free
b) Static
c) Bound
8) In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of
a) orbits
b) protons
c) neutrons
9) An atom that is deficient in electrons is called a positive _______
a) ion
b) valiancy
c) radical
10) Lightning takes place _______ thunder
a) when
b) before
c) after
11) When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, the electrons are transferred ...
a) from the silk to the glass rod
b) from the glass rod to the silk and vice versa
c) from the glass rod to the silk
12) When the water vapor in the atmosphere condenses and clouds are formed, these clouds contain large amounts of _______ charges.
a) water
b) lightning conduction
c) static electric
a) Gold Leaf Electroscope
b) Tin Foil Electroscope
c) Insulated Stand
2) The central core of an atom is also referred to as the _______.
a) nucleus
b) neutron
c) orbit
3) What does the symbol _______ _______ represent?
a) capacitor
b) electros cope
c) resistor
4) Name the type of electricity produced by friction.
a) static electricity
b) frictional electricity
4) stagnant electricity
5) The charge on an electron is _______.
a) negative
b) neutral
c) positive
6) When an ebonite rod is rubbed with cat's skin, it gets ...
a) negatively-charged
b) remains neutral
c) positively-charged
7) Some electrons (in metals) move very easily from one atom to another and are called _______ electrons.
a) Free
b) Static
c) Bound
8) In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of
a) orbits
b) protons
c) neutrons
9) An atom that is deficient in electrons is called a positive _______
a) ion
b) valiancy
c) radical
10) Lightning takes place _______ thunder
a) when
b) before
c) after
11) When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, the electrons are transferred ...
a) from the silk to the glass rod
b) from the glass rod to the silk and vice versa
c) from the glass rod to the silk
12) When the water vapor in the atmosphere condenses and clouds are formed, these clouds contain large amounts of _______ charges.
a) water
b) lightning conduction
c) static electric
Michael Faraday's World
Faraday's InventionsChange the paraghaph to the PAST PERFECT TENSE.
http://silverstallion2.tripod.com/id2.html
Faraday's greatest work __________ _________ (be) with electricity.
In 1821, soon after the Danish chemist, Hans Christian Orsted,
__________ ___________ (discover) the phenomenon of
magnetism, Humphrey Davy and William Hyde Wollaston __________
__________ (try) but ___________ __________ (fail) to design
an electric motor. Faraday, __________ __________ (discuss) the
problem with the two men, __________ __________ (go) on to build
two devices to produce what he __________ __________ (call)
electromagnetic rotation which is a continuous circular motion from the
circular magnetic force around a wire.
Ten years later, in 1831, he __________ __________ (begin) his
great series of experiments in which he _________ __________
(discover) electromagnetic induction. He ___________ _________
(find) that if he moved a magnet through a loop of wire, an electric
current flowed in the wire. The current also flowed if the loop was
moved over a stationary magnet. This ___________ __________(be)
the first transformer (inductor), although Faraday ___________
__________ (use) it only to demonstrate the principle of
electromagnetic induction and did not realize what it would eventually be used for.
His experiments __________ __________ (establish) that a changing
magnetic field __________ __________ (produce) an electric field.
This relation __________ __________ (be) mathematically modeled
by faraday's law, which afterwards __________ __________
(become) one of the four Maxwell equations. These in turn
__________ ___________ (evolve) into the generalization known as
field theory. Faraday then __________ __________ (use) this principle to
construct the first dynamo (in the form of a copper disk rotated
between the poles of a permanent magnet), the predecessor of
modern dynamos and generators.
In 1832, Michael Faraday ___________ __________ (report) that the
quantity of elements ___________ _____________ (be) __________
(separate) by passing an electrical current through a molten or
dissolved salt and ___________ ___________ (be) proportional to
the quantity of current passed through the circuit. This ___________
___________ (become) the basis of the first law of electro sis. He
___________also ____________ (popularize) terminology such as
anode, cathode, electrode, and ion.
In 1845 he also __________ ____________ (discover) the
phenomenon that he named Diamagnetism - a very weak form of
magnetism that __________ only ___________ (be) __________
(exhibit) in the presence of an external magnetic field. This
phenomenon can be used for levitation.
In his work on static electricity, Faraday __________ __________
(demonstrate) that the charge only __________ __________ (reside)
on the exterior of a charged conductor, and exterior charge had no
influence on anything enclosed within a conductor. This is because the
exterior charges __________ __________ (be) _____________
(redistribute) in such a way that the interior fields due to them __________ __________
(be) cancel. This shielding effect is used in what is now known as a Faraday cage.
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